RenderWare binary stream file
RenderWare binary stream files are hierarchically structured binary data files used by the RenderWare 3.x graphics engine utilized by Rockstar North for their GTA III trilogy (only on PC, PS2 and XBOX, not PSP!) and related games (Manhunt, Bully).
GTA's model files use the file extension .dff
and texture archives use .txd
. Other possible extensions, not used by the GTA games, are .rws
, .bsp
and .dma
. GTA3 does use .anm
for some of its cutscene animations, but it is the only GTA to do so.
Contents
File Format
RW streams are split up into sections. Each section has a 12 byte header and can either be empty, contain data or more child sections. Section content, especially of data sections, is determined by an ID in the header.
There is only one data structure common to all RW streams - the section header:
4 byte - DWORD - section identifier 4 byte - DWORD - section size, including child sections and/or data 4 byte - DWORD - RW version ID
The RW version ID varies depending on the RW engine version used for exporting the files. It must be the same for all headers within one file. Backwards compatibility is very limited.
Valid RW Section IDs
See the list of RW section IDs.
Rockstar's Custom Section IDs
Rockstar added several vendor specific RW plugins, which have their own ID range (0x0253F2F*).
- Pipeline Set (0x0253F2F3)
- Specular Material (0x0253F2F6)
- 2dfx (0x0253F2F8)
- Night Vertex Colors (0x0253F2F9)
- Collision Model (0x0253F2FA)
- Reflection Material (0x0253F2FC)
- Mesh Extension (0x0253F2FD)
- Frame (0x0253F2FE)
Common RW Version IDs
The following is an (incomplete) list of plain text RW versions commonly used in GTA and their encoded equivalent:
3.0.0.3 - 0x0003FFFF 3.?.?.? - 0x0800FFFF (GTA III) 3.1.0.0 - 0x00000310 (GTA III) 3.3.0.2 - 0x0C02FFFF (GTA VC) 3.4.0.3 - 0x1003FFFF (GTA VC) 3.6.0.3 - 0x1803FFFF (GTA SA)
Common File Structures
Model Files (DFF)
- Clump
- Struct
- Frame List
- Geometry List
- Struct
- Geometry *
- Struct
- Material List
- Struct
- Material *
- Struct
- Texture - optional
- Extension
- Specular Material - optional, vehicles only
- Reflection Material - optional, vehicles only
- Material Effects PLG - optional, vehicles only
- Texture - optional
only occurs with the section above, possibly even a child section
- Extension
- Bin Mesh PLG
- Native Data PLG (on Xbox and PS2)
- 2dfx
- Night Vertex Colors - static objects only
- Mesh Extension
- Atomic *
- Struct
- Extension
- Right To Render - vehicles only
- Material Effects PLG - vehicles only
- Extension
- Collision Model - vehicles only
Texture Archives (TXD)
- Texture Dictionary
- Struct - 4 byte, 2x word, first one is the texture count
- Texture Native *
- Extension - empty
Texture Archives PS2 (TXD)
- Texture Dictionary
- Struct - 2b - Texture count, 2b - unknown
- Texture Native *
- Extension - empty
* These sections (and their child sections) can appear multiple times. ** Not always present, effect also unknown.
A byte may contain two indices, if bpp == 4.
16 bit images are in 1555 ARGB format.
The indices are swizzled and saved in a PS2 friendly format (CLUT).
Note: There are slight differences between GTA: III and VC formats concerning the raster/image format.
Tools & Scripts
- RW Analyze
- various model file and texture archive related tools
See also
- Original DFF format description by KCow
- RW Analyze discussion thread on GTAForums with lots of format descriptions
- Official RenderWare Site